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Articles

N. 1 (2020)

Una blockchain europea per la gestione dei fondi strutturali: dallo scenario attuale ad una proposta implementativa

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3280/cgrds1-2020oa10027
Inviata
15 giugno 2020
Pubblicato
25-11-2020

Abstract

Il presente lavoro si colloca in un filone di studi destinato ad acquisire sempre più importanza non solo nel dibattito accademico, ma anche in seno alle istituzioni politiche e più in generale nella società civile: il rapporto tra tecnologia e performance del settore pubblico.

In particolare, il lavoro discute la proposta della creazione di una blockchain europea per la gestione dei Fondi Strutturali e presenta quindi un set di best practice a supporto della sua ideazione ed implementazione. Due sono i temi alla base del lavoro: 1. i preoccupanti rischi (quali quello di considerevoli  frodi) e le ben note e documentate inefficienze (quali ad esempio le scarse capacità d’impegno e  spesa dei fondi di alcune regioni europee) riscontrati sino ad oggi negli attuali sistemi di finanziamento pubblico, sia nazionale sia europeo, nel gestire e monitorare adeguatamente realtà molto complesse; e 2. le significative potenzialità offerte dalle emergenti tecnologie basate su algoritmi decisionali (di cui le blockchain sono espressione) nel poter risolvere efficacemente e sostenibilmente le suddette fragilità ed inefficienze.

Dopo aver individuato e descritto le principali criticità degli attuali sistemi nazionale ed europeo di finanziamento pubblico, il lavoro definisce le principali caratteristiche di una blockchain atta a superare le attuali fallacie e ne discute i potenziali vantaggi applicativi soprattutto in termini di efficienza e trasparenza dei processi decisionali.  Sulla base di un’accurata analisi della letteratura esistente e di eloquenti case study relativi all’applicazione della blockchain nel settore pubblico, il lavoro propone quindi un utile set di best practice per l’implementazione di una blockchain europea, non trascurando tuttavia di segnalarne le potenziali criticità non solo e tanto legate alla fattibilità tecnologica quanto sul piano concettuale e dei giudizi di valore.

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